Deformity correction planning for hindfoot, ankle, and lower limb

Abstract

Many patients with foot and ankle deformities have concurrent deformities (osseous and soft tissue), with or without limb length discrepancies.Lower extremity deformities and limb length discrepancies typically result from trauma, congenital abnormality, avascular necrosis, previous surgery, nonunion, and malunion. Limb deformity correction requires extensive surgical experience because many considerations and factors apply to realignment. The considerations and factors regarding realignment are highlighted throughout this article.